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Grease a large casserole dish or two 9-10 inch round dishes.
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Melt butter in a large saucepan over medium high heat.
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Add flour when butter is melted and whisk until all lumps disappear.
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Turn heat to medium. Add salt and pepper.
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Slowly pour in milk or half and half. Cook until mixture thickens a bit, about 5 minutes.
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Add grated cheeses. Stir so the cheese is incorporated. The sauce should be smooth.
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Taste to see if more salt or pepper are needed.
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Pour the macaroni into the pan, or place the pasta into the pans.
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Pour the cheese sauce over the pasta.
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Top with additional grated cheese.
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Bake on upper rack at 400 degrees for 15-20 minutes.
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Serve immediately.